Live at : http://217.154.38.177:8501/ Smart ChatBot 🤖 This is a simple Streamlit ChatBot app powered by OpenAI, LangChain, RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation), and FAISS for vector storage.The app allows users to upload a text-based PDF document and ask natural language questions related to the content of the uploaded file. 🚀 Features 🛠️ Tech Stack 📦 Folder…
The evolution of NLP — from hand-crafted rules to word vectors
Natural Language Processing (NLP) has traveled a long, fascinating road. What began as carefully crafted linguistic rules written by experts has become a data-driven field where statistical models, machine learning, and dense vector representations power everything from search to chatbots. In this article I’ll walk you through the major eras of NLP — what problems…
Understanding Embeddings: The Hidden Language of AI
When we interact with modern AI systems—whether through semantic search, recommendation engines, or retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)—there’s a quiet hero working in the background: embeddings. They are the bridge between raw human language (or images, audio, even video) and the numerical world machines operate in. At their core, embeddings are vector representations of data. Imagine plotting words,…
Why Logistic Regression Needs Gradient-Based Optimization (But Linear Regression Doesn’t)
When we first learn regression models, Linear Regression and Logistic Regression often appear side by side. Both are simple, both are widely used, and both rely on similar-looking equations. But when it comes to optimization, they couldn’t be more different. While linear regression can be solved with a simple formula, logistic regression requires us to rely on gradient-based optimization methods. Why…
Normal Distribution: The Bell Curve That Rules Statistics
If there’s one shape that dominates the world of statistics, it’s the bell curve. Officially called the Normal Distribution, this curve is so fundamental that once you recognize it, you’ll start spotting it everywhere — in classrooms, hospitals, stock markets, and even in the quality of the products we buy. But what exactly is the normal distribution,…